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International Response to the World's Refugees, Displaced Persons Must Be Revised and Expanded, Say Leading Human Rights Authorities at Boston College Conference
CHESTNUT HILL, Mass., Nov. 26 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Change on an
international level is needed to address the severe plight of the world's
45 million forced migrants, refugees and displaced persons, according to
two leading authorities whose keynote addresses recently launched a global
human rights conclave at Boston College.
The international community's response to the displaced, expressed in
the mandate given to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, needs
to be revised and expanded, contended Susan Martin, president of the
International Association for the Study of Forced Migration, and one of the
world's leading scholars on refugee issues.
In her remarks at the three-day conference, which focused on the deeper
causes of forced migration and the identification of systemic response,
Martin, who is Herzberg Professor of International Migration at Georgetown
University, executive director of the Institute for the Study of
International Migration and a member of the Academic Advisory Board of the
International Organization for Migration, focused on rethinking the
international refugee regime in light of human rights and the global common
good.
It is not enough for the international community, including the United
States as a member of it, simply to respond to the needs of those who are
being persecuted, she said, referring to the current definition of who
counts as a refugee -- someone who flees home because of persecution.
Rather, Martin argued, we need to add the obligation to respond to
others among the 40 to 50 million displaced persons who are not persecuted,
but who face displacement by war and conflict, by environmental forces
causing floods and expanding deserts -- a problem that is becoming
increasingly serious -- and by major economic crises, if their own states
are unable or unwilling to come to their aid.
This approach, she said, would provide vital assistance to a great many
more people than those who are now being aided.
Offering the Catholic Church's perspective on human rights as a
framework for advocacy on behalf of the displaced, Archbishop Silvano
Tomasi, the Vatican's representative to the U.N. High Commission for
Refugees, called for an international cooperation that aims to foster
political stability and to eliminate underdevelopment.
"The present economic and social imbalance, which to a large extent
encourages forced migration, should not be seen as something inevitable,
but as a challenge to the human race's sense of responsibility," he said.
"An international regime should be established to better manage all forced
human displacement, a social phenomenon that is trans-national by its
nature."
Archbishop Tomasi also stressed that there are basic rights that all
human beings should have the freedom to enjoy, including the right to live
a decent life in one's own country, to move to escape violence, hunger or
persecution and to be treated with dignity in a host country. The identity
of displaced people in a new environment has to be respected, "especially
their religion, but also their cultural traditions and expressions and
always within the common good of the entire hosting society."
While illegal immigration should be prevented, "it is also essential to
combat vigorously the criminal activities which exploit illegal
immigrants," he said. "His irregular legal status cannot allow the migrant
to lose his dignity, since he is endowed with inalienable rights, which can
neither be violated nor ignored."
Organized by the Boston College Center for Human Rights and
International Justice, in conjunction with the Jesuit Refugee Service and
Catholic Relief Services, the three-day conference brought together leading
scholars and practitioners from agencies and universities around the world,
including BC, Georgetown, Harvard, Notre Dame, McGill, Oxford and
Australian National Catholic universities and Hekima College in Nairobi,
Kenya; the Catholic Legal Immigration Network, Inc.; the U.S. Conference of
Catholic Bishops Office of Migration and Refugee Policy; Oxfam America; and
practitioners from South Africa, Southeast Asia and Jamaica, among others.
Two days of seminars followed the keynote addresses, focusing on topics
such as the ethical and religious grounds for advocacy on behalf of
forcibly displaced people; human rights of forced migrants in light of
culture and gender; the causes of growing resistance to respect for the
right to asylum in the developed world, including U.S. detention and
deportation of asylum seekers; war as a cause of forced migration, and the
plight of Iraqi refugees.
"Advocacy is something that you cannot do when you are spending all of
your time responding to the immediate needs in a refugee center in a camp
or in an urban setting where people are hungry and need help," said Rev.
David Hollenbach, SJ, director of the Boston College Center for Human
Rights. "We are trying to provide assistance at a more analytical level
about how to respond. We had a broad range of people from different
backgrounds, both academics and practitioners - people who are both on the
ground working with displaced people and those who are operating in a more
policy-oriented direction."
The task is a formidable one, said Fr. Hollenbach. "Of the huge number
of people displaced in the world today, a sizeable number of them are
children. A disproportionate number of displaced people are women with
their children. Many refugees wind up in protracted refugee situations -
more than five years, and more than half must live in refugee-like
situations for over 15 years. This is a very grim situation."
The conference presentations will be the basis for a book, tentatively
titled "Driven from Home: The Causes of Forced Migration and Systemic
Responses," Fr. Hollenbach said. The book would be the second to emerge
from a conference co-sponsored by the three groups. The first, "Refugee
Rights: Ethics, Advocacy, and Africa" (Georgetown University Press)
resulted from a 2006 conference in Nairobi, Kenya.
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